白刺珠心组织及其营养功能的超微结构观察

白刺具厚珠心,珠心组织发达。原胚期,根据超微结构特征,珠心组织大体可区分为三层:外围不活跃细胞层、特化细胞层和胚囊外围解体细胞层。珠心细胞解体时,细胞壁首先以微纤丝状态分散,原生质不同程度破坏,并累积脂滴。近胚囊壁降解后,珠心细胞即成为开放细胞,原生质团游离到胚囊周围。胚囊壁在珠孔区和合点区间断,因之,珠心细胞的游离原生质团可直接迁入胚囊内。在胚囊壁和中央细胞质膜之间存在明显间隙区域,其中有大量壁旁体存在,是珠心细胞降解物质进入胚囊的另一重要途径。     

Spatial patterns in a two-tiered semi-arid shrubland in southeastern Spain

Abstract. Single species and bivariate distribution patterns in a semi-arid shrubland in southeastern Spain, dominated by the tall leguminous shrub Retama sphaerocarpa, were investigated by second-order spatial analysis based on Ripley's K-function. Shrubs were significantly clumped because of a strong association of dwarf shrubs, mostly Artemisia barrelieri, under the canopy of Retama. Retama shrubs were randomly distributed, but when different size-classes were analysed separately, the pattern changed from significantly clumped to random and then to regular with increasing canopy diameter, suggesting increasing intraspecific competition with shrub size. Artemisia was significantly clumped at all scales because of aggregation under the canopy of large Retama shrubs. The association between the species became stronger with increasing canopy diameter of Retama shrubs, suggesting that facilitation prevailed over interspecific competition because of niche separation in different tiers, both above and below ground. Retama shrub size thus determined both the type of pattern for its own size class and tier, and the scale and intensity of the association with its understorey shrubs.     

水肥耦合对玉米籽粒全氮含量的影响

采用四因素五水平(1/2实施)二次通用旋转组合设计,选取灌水、施氮肥、施磷肥和秸秆覆盖四因素作为试验因素,在辽西半干旱区褐土农田进行了水肥耦合效应长期定位试验。按照二次通用旋转组合设计统计分析方法建立回归模型,分析了水肥耦合对玉米籽粒全氮含量的影响。结果表明:水肥单因子对籽粒全氮的含量有较明显的影响,影响顺序为施氮秸秆覆盖施磷灌水;当灌水量为700m3.hm-2、施氮量为180kg.hm-2、施磷量为120kg.hm-2和秸秆覆盖量为7500kg.hm-2时,它们每个因素对玉米籽粒全氮含量的影响都集中11.7g·kg-1,此时籽粒蛋白质含量为73g·kg-1,产量为12000kg.hm-2,表明该处理组合下,玉米的经济效益和生态效益达到最佳,推荐生产上以此进行施肥。     

大果白刺雄性不育系的细胞学研究

利用石蜡切片法对大果白刺花药进行细胞学研究,探讨雄性不育系发生败育的时期和方式以及雄性败育与药壁组织间的关系.结果表明:不育系小孢子母细胞形成前期,花药各部分结构发育正常.随着绒毡层的异常解体,多种异常现象相继出现,包括小孢子母细胞液泡化,中层、药室内壁、药隔细胞液泡化,细胞畸形,药壁细胞非正常解体等.退化后整个花药萎缩干瘪,不能开裂,无花粉.因此,大果白刺雄性不育系的绒毡层生理异常并提前退化是导致雄性不育的主要原因.     

唐古特白刺果粉的抗氧化作用研究

通过自由基体系和亚硝酸盐体系对白刺果粉体外总抗氧化活性进行了评价,为进一步开发利用白刺资源提供理论依据和试验资料。结果表明,白刺果粉具有良好的抗氧化活性,能有效清除DPPH.、.OH、O2-.、亚硝酸盐,其清除效果与果粉浓度成正相关,最高清除率分别达到65.7%、71.5%、83.8%和71%。     

Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird-pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia

Habitat fragmentation can significantly affect mating and pollen dispersal patterns in plant populations, although the differential effects of the various aspects of fragmentation are poorly understood. In this study, we used eight microsatellite loci to investigate the effect of fragmentation on the mating system and pollen dispersal within one large and eight small population remnants of Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia, a bird-pollinated shrub in the southern agricultural region of Western Australia. The large population had a much larger neighbourhood size and lower selfing rate, maternal pollen pool differentiation and within-plot mean pollen dispersal distance than the small populations. Outcrossing was consistently high and ranged from 85.7% ± 2.6 to 98.5% ± 0.9, and mating patterns suggested nearest-neighbour pollination. Pollen immigration into small populations ranged from 2.8% ± 1.8 to 16.5% ± 3.2. Using the small populations, we tested for correlations between various fragmentation variables and mating system and pollen dispersal parameters. We found significant negative linear relationships between population isolation and outcrossing rate; population shape and neighbourhood size; and conspecific density and mean pollen dispersal distance. There were significant positive linear relationships between population shape and pollen pool differentiation and between population size and number of different fathers per seed crop. Our results suggest that birds may use a series of fragmented populations as a vegetation corridor while foraging across the landscape and that population connectivity is a critical determinant of pollinator visitation. Our results also suggest that the effect of a linear population shape on the mating system and pollen dispersal is routinely underestimated.     

Salinity-induced changes in protein expression in the halophytic plant Nitraria sphaerocarpa

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and development. Plants have evolved complex adaptive mechanisms that respond to salinity stress. However, an understanding of how plants respond to salinity stress is far from being complete. In particular, how plants survive salinity stress via alterations to their intercellular metabolic networks and defense systems is largely unknown. To delineate the responses of Nitraria sphaerocarpa cell suspensions to salinity, changes in their protein expression patterns were characterized by a comparative proteomic approach. Cells that had been treated with 150 mM NaCl for 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 days developed several stress-related phenotypes, including those affecting morphology and biochemical activities. Of ~1100 proteins detected in 2-DE gel patterns, 130 proteins showed differences in abundance with more than 1.5-fold when cells were stressed by salinity. All but one of these proteins was identified by MS and database searching. The 129 spots contained 111 different proteins, including those involved in signal transduction, cell rescue/defense, cytoskeleton and cell cycle, protein folding and assembly, which were the most significantly affected. Taken together, our results provide a foundation to understand the mechanism of salinity response.     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺籽油保护肝损伤作用研究

对柴达木盆地唐古特白刺种籽油保护化学性肝损伤作用进行了研究.将小鼠按体重随机分为白刺籽油高、中、低剂量组,另设空白对照组和联苯双酯、藏茵陈阳性对照组.小鼠连续灌胃给药15 d后,用CCl4进行肝损伤,测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）;肝脏过氧化脂质（LPO）降解产物丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的含量.结果显示,白刺籽油对血清ALT、AST具有显著的抑制作用,显著拮抗肝脏MDA的升高,显著提高肝脏GSH-Px含量.表明白刺籽油具有明显的保护化学性肝损伤的保健作用.     

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用研究

采用环磷酰胺所致的免疫功能低下的模型小鼠试验柴达木盆地唐古特白刺果实的免疫调节作用,并进行了抗疲劳和耐寒冷试验。结果显示：唐古特白刺果实3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著增强模型小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发性超敏反应;1．8g/kg和3．6/kg灌胃剂量能显著提高模型小鼠血清溶血素生成能力;3．6g/kgg灌胃剂量可显著减轻环磷酰胺对小鼠胸腺DNA含量的抑制作用;3．6g/kg灌胃剂量能显著延长小鼠的游泳时间和爬杆时间,并能提高小鼠在低温的存活时间。实验表明唐古特白刺果实具有调节免疫、抗疲劳和耐寒冷作用。     

唐古特白刺研究现状与建议

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)是白刺属中较进化的植物种,众多克隆株系形成"白刺包",具有重要的生态防护价值,其浆果状核果也具有较高的经济利用价值.由于种内异交和种间杂交,唐古特白刺种内变异十分丰富,其中表现最为明显的是果实性状变异.而果色、果味、果序重等性状差异,对于生产成本、加工工艺以及产品质量等都有较大影响,从而限制了白刺果的产业化开发.开展种质资源、优树选择、杂交和倍性育种等方面的研究,对唐古特白刺进行遗传改良,选育高产、味佳、核小、色泽美观且生态价值高的果用与生态兼用型白刺品种,并进一步使其无性系化、种植园化,则是推动沙区白刺资源开发、利用以及当地生态与经济发展的关键.